Patton-Fuller Community Hospital - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2960 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Community Essay Hospital Essay Did you like this example? Patton-Fuller Community Hospital bhas been in business in the City of Kelsey since 1975. The hospital provides high quality medical care to the citizens of Kelsey and the surrounding area. Some of the services the hospital offers are x-rays, pharmacy, and emergency services for children and adults. â€Å"As one of the first hospitals in Kelsey, the staff is committed to providing a variety of programs that will support the health and welfare of the local community populations† (Apollo Group, 2010). The hospital’s backbone network structure for the entire hospital is 1000Base T. Some of the other individual sections of the departmental network use different standards such as 1000Base F. The areas that use the 1000Base T are responsible for the administrative side of things. These areas are: hospital executive management, human resources, operations, facilities, finance, and IT data center. The areas that use the 1000Base F are responsible for the clinical a reas. They include: radiology, operating rooms, wards, ICU’s, emergency rooms, labs, and pharmacy. For a failsafe, the entire hospital has a complete power backup system that automatically cuts over to a large diesel motor generator set. The hospital uses a network bridge to interconnect its logical network. A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer, which is Layer 2 of the OSI model. The Data Link Layer enables data to be transferred between network entities and might provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. The hospital’s network is an Ethernet network. The Ethernet network uses a protocol called CSMA/CD which stands for Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection. The computers that use 1000Base T are networked with Cat. 6 cable. This cable allows for backward compatibility with the Cat. 5 and Cat. 3 cable standards but offers an increase in performance of up to 2 50 MHZ. The computers that use the 1000Base F are networked with single mode fiber because it performs at high speeds without the need to be refreshed and have higher bandwidth than multimode fiber. In order to have access to the Internet, Patton-Fuller utilizes a Cisco Router model 7609. It is connected with an Optical Carrier 1 line that has speeds of up to 51. 84 m/bits. The hospital also utilizes a Cisco ASA 5510 Virtual Private Network which â€Å"enables organizations to securely provide network access to a broad array of users, including mobile and fixed endpoints, remote offices, contractors, and business partners† (Cisco, 2010). With combined use, network traffic will flow smoother. The hospital is using a Cisco 1250 series for wireless access. It supports the 802. 11standard. The access points offer combined data rates of up to 600 Mbps to provide users with mobile access to high-bandwidth data, voice, and video applications regardless of their location, use mult iple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to provide reliable and predictable WLAN coverage, and improve user experience for both existing 802. 11a/b/g clients and new 802. 11n clients† (Cisco, 2010). The OSI layers that are directly involved in the networking system of Patton-Fuller are the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer and application layer. The physical layer is all of the hardware that the hospital uses. This includes such things as the Apple iMacs, servers, and routers. The data link layer is where the data transfer takes place. The network layer routes the messages using TCP/IP. The transport layer ensures that the data is properly sequenced and transferred without errors. It uses the TCP/UDP protocol. The session layer handles the processes between the client and the server. A common protocol used here is RPC. The application layer enables user applications to work with the network. Some common protocols here are HTTP, SMTP, and POP3. I would recommend that the hospital use the TCP/IP, and HTTP protocols as a standard. Both protocols are reliable and will meet the needs of the hospital. Patton-Fuller’s backbone network structure for the entire hospital is 1000Base T. Some of the other individual sections of the departmental network use different standards such as 1000Base F. The two networks are connected by a network bridge. The network bridge is used to inexpensively and easily connect local area network segments (Microsoft, 2010). The reason a network bridge is inexpensive is that there is no configuration required and you don’t have to purchase additional hardware such as routers and other bridges. The hospital’s administrative network consists of Apple iMACS and thin computers that use 1000Base T with CAT 6 cables. All work stations belonging to Executive Management has Apple iMAC computers with 24† monitors, 2. 4 GHz speed, 2 GB RAM, and a 500 MB hard dri ve. Human Resources, OPNS, and the Finance Senior Managers have Apple iMACS with 20† monitors, 2 GHz speed, and a 350 MB hard drive. All of the systems have OS virtualization and use the MAC Operating System X, Leopard, and Windows XP. OS virtualization allows separate, isolated virtual environments to be used on a single server. The MAC Operating System X is a UNIX system that is both simple and powerful. Leopard further enhanced the system by making it faster and more reliable. Windows XP is a product of Microsoft but it is able to be installed on any MAC using a native version of Microsoft Office. This way users are able to create documents using MS Word, make presentations using PowerPoint, and make spreadsheets with Excel, among other things. All personnel who are only involved in data entry in HR, OPNS, and Finance are only given thin computers made by HP that come with 17† flat monitors. Thin computers only provide access to a network. They don’t have a hard drive, fan, or any other moving parts. They are ideal for hospitals since they offer more secure storage of data than desktops or notebooks. This feature will help the hospital more effectively comply with HIPPA laws. These type of computers are also energy efficient and very reliable. The following are using 1000 BaseF single mode fiber: MRI, CT, X Ray, Mammograms, PET, Nuclear Medicine, and Sonography have their own viewing station. This department uses a UPS to protect the data sent and received here. They utilize an Apple MAC Pro with 2-3 GHz processors, 16 GB RAM, 4-750 hard drive in RAID, a FO network card, 30† cinema displays, imaging software, as well as the MAC Operating system with OS Virtualization. The emergency room has 1 workstation with a portable x-ray machine. It is a MAC Pro with 2 dual 3 GHz processors, 8 GB RAM, 2-750 GB HD RAID, Fiber Card, SuperDrive, 30† display, and the MAC OS with OS virtualization. The regular workstations use a 20 † iMAC with a 2 GHz processor, 2 GB RAM, 350 GB hard drive, SuperDrive, and fiber card. They are operating with the same MAC Operating System with OS Virtualization as the rest of the hospital. The SuperDrive allows for the reading and writing of media stored on different storage devices, such as CD/DVD. The fiber card allows for the prioritization of network traffic which is very important in a hospital because of the nature of some of the emergencies that occur there. The labs and the pharmacy are basically running on the same system as the ER bays with the exception of a 2. GHz processor and 500 MB RAM. The RIS Data Center is also using 1000 BaseF single mode fiber. It is running Apple Cluster Servers with the MAC OS that has remote desktop access. This allows for files to be accessed from home or on the road with the correct credentials. There is 10 terabytes of storage with a 4 GB fiber link. The data workstations are consistent with those in radiology, the labs, and the pharmacy. The RIS Data Center has an UPS (uninterruptible power supply) to protect the performance of the server. The OR, ICU, and Ward floors are using 1000 Base F with single mode fiber technology. The nursing stations and OR stations are using Apple MAC machines with 20† monitors, 2 GHz processors, 2 GB RAM, 350 MB HD, fiber card, SuperDrive, and Wireless. They are using the same OS as the rest of the hospital, the MAC OS X. Each room in the ICS has one network connection per bed. There is a 24 port FO hub per ward for connection to the network. RIS Imaging is using an Apple MAC Pro with 4 GB RAM, 30† flat panel display that is wall mounted, 2-3 GHz dual processors, 750MB HD, and a video and fiber card. The entire hospital is using the same OS. The IT Data Center is using 1000 BaseT technology. The center is using the CISCO Router 7609 and CISCO ASA 5510 VPN Router. Both of these routers have built in redundancy for accessing the Internet. The HIS system compute r is a IBM series mainframe that is using the Linux OS. It is using DB 2 and has 18 processors, as well as 32 GB RAM and AES security which is an intrusion prevention system. There is also a Windows Exchange Server, an Internet Server, and a RAS server. There is a UPS in the data center to protect the servers in case of a power surge. It seems that the only Wi-Fi access in the hospital is for the staff, patients, and maybe the patient’s guests. Since there is only one connection per bed, the access to Wi-Fi seems to be very limited. Perhaps, the hospital could consider using Broadband cellular wireless as an alternative in order to avoid interference with the network already in place which the staff uses and to lower the risk of data getting into the wrong hands. If the hospital does want to expand its use of Wi-Fi for the hospital, it may need to install many more access points. Hospitals have two major obstacles when it comes to Wi-Fi and that is their thick walls and interference caused by medical devices. This is why I would suggest using the broadband cellular technology instead. Something that may be missing from the hospital’s network architecture is a wireless Gateway security system. The hospital should also consider using 802. 1 x for access control to the network. It should also consider using audit controls and a NIDS. To enhance the signal of the Wi-Fi network, the hospital could use directional antennas. Patton-Fuller strives to effectively meet the needs of the patients it serves through the people that it employs. There are several positions available at Patton-Fuller from certified nursing aide to Chief Operations Officer. Each individual has his/her own set of unique responsibilities. The hospital has services such as emergency care, x-ray, Sonography, and pharmacy. Due to the different requirements of the people served at the hospital, the staff has to be diversified and specialized. This diversification may lead to co mmunication problems if the right steps aren’t taken. To ensure the correct steps are taken to counter potential communication problems, the Chief Information Officer is in charge of overseeing the Compliance Program. The officer â€Å"functions as an independent and objective body that reviews Hospital policies and evaluates compliance issues/concerns within the organization. The position ensures that the Board of Directors, management and employees are in compliance with the rules and regulations of federal and state regulatory agencies, that company policies and procedures are being followed, and that behavior in the organization meets the company’s Standards of Conduct† (Apollo Group, 2010). Some of the responsibilities of the CIO is developing, implementing, and maintaining a system-wide Corporate Compliance program, overseeing the Security Officer, the Director of Medical Records and the Director of Q. A. / Risk Management (Apollo Group, 2010). An im portant part of the successful operation of any business is Customer Relationship Management or CRM. Because hospitals â€Å"utilize the services of doctors, nurses, technicians, and other related specialists in the treatment and management of illness, including efforts to preserve mental and physical wellness† (Salesboom, 2010), an effective CRM solution would be ideal. Costs have steadily increased in the medical field and there are ways to find better, more cost efficient services. One way is by purchasing CRM software from Salesboom. This software accommodates the activities of all stakeholders involved; including patients and doctors, pharmaceutical companies and druggists, hospitals and insurance providers. â€Å"Some of the common driving forces for undertaking a CRM solutions in the Healthcare Sector are: †¢Cost and spending constrains The growing proportion of older people and the constant development of new treatments means demand for healthcare is rising. Hospitals can utilize CRM software applications to control costs and more effectively automate operations. †¢Patients and system users are educated – People access the Internet to research medical options, and as a result are better educated and more demanding of service levels in health care settings. †¢Desire to anticipate the needs and drivers in healthcare delivery to meet patient needs. †¢CRM solutions on market Maturing CRM technologies can deliver cost efficient solutions† (Salesboom, 2010). Salesboom CRM software addresses and integrates enterprise requirements from the following three key areas; Operational, Analytical, and Collaborative. The degree of detail and integration is scalable, and can be modified by as needed by the users. There is customer service, support, training, and professional services offered as needed. Information within the system is secure and accessible based on a highly scalable permissions tree. When scaling the access to information on the site, resources are able to be appropriately protected and information resources are able to be opened up for sharing based on organizational need. Furthermore, there is an Audit Trail functionality built into every item into the system. â€Å"This assures system services that can identify any information changes, access and sharing activities (and the owners) on the system. You can access Audit information at any time for review and reporting purposes and to demonstrate due diligence in adherence to legal, financial and medical regulations common in the Healthcare Sector’ (Salesboom, 2010). Salesboom CRM software facilitates organizations in the Healthcare Sector to meet the changing and rigorous protocols from a variety of regulatory agencies that track activities within the sector. These include Environmental, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Food Drug Administrations, and various protocols such as Emergency Protocol, Resuscitation Protocols, Research Protocols, and Services Protocols, Patient Rights, Organ and Tissue procurement, etc. Compliance with these protocols and regulations will help avoid errors and potential legal action. Salesboom CRM will deploy a solution that enhances services and processes so the hospital can achieve a positive ROI in as short a time as possible: †¢Software Solution – our team will help develop CRM plan, strategic placement and requirements development †¢Identify and automate business processes †¢Software and/or process customization †¢Integration of CRM Software (with existing software) †¢Cleanse/Import Data †¢Reporting on implementation/deployment †¢Professional Training Services and Support Services† (Salesboom, 2010). Through streamline production and distribution operations, Salesboom CRM implementation guarantees cost containment using front and back end tools as part of standard software offerings . The company guarantees visibility across all areas from finance to manufacturing and across the supply chain within exceedingly generous timeframes. To meet the long term goals of the hospital, Patton-Fuller definitely should implement this new system in order to stay ahead of the game. In today’s times, many businesses are starting to make a Web presence and hospitals are one such business. Some services that Patton-Fuller could make available through a Web Portal are: the ability to subscribe to electronic newsletters, viewing of peoples public information that are currently in the hospital, such as patients’ room numbers, and the ability to purchase hospital uniforms online. Some online services that are available at other hospitals include: the ability to pay bills online, research available positions and fill out applications, and transmit data to doctors from monitoring devices from the comfort of your own home. These services may be used at Patton-Fuller to make things more convenient for patients who owe bills and have mobility limitations, make applying for a job quicker and easier, and allow doctors to receive vital information without requiring a patient to drive all the way to the hospital. The Web Portal could also be expanded to provide outside vendor services such as, Just in Time pharmaceutical replenishment and inventory updates. Just in Time pharmaceutical replenishment will allow the hospital to automatically replenish stock and optimize inventory. These processes will be automated, meaning they are automatically system generated and will result in greater efficiency of handling the pharmacy’s stock. Another online tool that is being used today is social networking sites. The use of such sites may expand the hospital’s community base by exposing information to a multitude of people. Sites such as FaceBook, Twitter, and MySpace are very popular, with the average user having 100+ friends (UOP, 2010). That will result in a lot of exposure. On the other hand, if someone writes a bad review, it could hurt the reputation of the hospital. In conclusion, Patton-Fuller Community Hospital is a reliable place to seek medical treatment if you are in the area. It has a nice size, fairly up-to-date network in place, with the exception of needing more Wi-Fi access and greater security controls. The hospital has a very capable and caring staff onboard and with the adoption of a CRM plan, the limits are endless. Finally, if Patton-Fuller makes a Web portal available, it will be able to reach out to more people and attain a greater customer base. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2010). Patton-Fuller. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Healthcare/PFCH/IT/ITNetDTop. tm Cisco. 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2010 from https://www. cisco. com/en/US/prod/collateral/vpndevc/ps6032/ps6094/ps6120/prod_brochure0900aecd80402e39. html Microsoft. (2010). Network Bridg e. Retrieved August 23, 2010 from https://www. microsoft. com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/hnw_understanding_bridge. mspx? mfr=true Salesboom. (2010). CRM for Hospitals. Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://www. salesboom. com/products/Hospital-crm-software-solution. html University of Phoenix. (2010). Social Networking Sites. Retrieved September 6, 2010 from University of Phoenix, CMGT 554 website. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Patton-Fuller Community Hospital" essay for you Create order

Ethics and Newspaper Chain - 658 Words

Group A:†¨ A newspaper columnist signs a contract with a newspaper chain. Several months later she is offered a position with another newspaper chain at a higher salary. Because she would prefer making more money, she notifies the first chain that she is breaking her contract. The courts will decide the legality of her action. But what of the morality? Did the columnist behave ethically? In my opinion the columnist did not behave ethically. If she signed a contract with a newspaper chain, then she can’t break that contract, even for more money. What does that say about her principals to the new company anyway. To incorporate the good vs. evil on this case is simple, because the good or what should be, is her staying with her current†¦show more content†¦The doctor is at a difficult position, because knowing that the pilot only has one month to retire, if she withholds the information, which to her, may seem like the right thing to do, the pilot can continue with his normal life for just one more month until he retires. But in reality, that would be the wrong thing to do, because of the consequences I just mentioned above. She is in a difficult position distinguishing the right vs. the wrong. The right thing to do is to tell the pilot of his condition, and allow him to make his own decisions as far as what he will do from that moment on. Like I have mentioned on the question above, Augustine and Aquinas are â€Å"pro-truth†, and therefor, I believe they would both decide against the doctor omitting the truth. I found something online I thought it was interesting: â€Å"The fact that the evil ones, as long as they live, can be corrected from their errors does not prohibit that they may be justly executed, for the danger which threatens from their way of life is greater and more certain than the good which may be expected from their improvement† (http://www.traditioninaction.org/religious/n012rp_DeathPenalty_Aquinas.htm). To me, that means that everyone is given the opportunity to correct their mistakes, but doesn’t mean they wont suffer the consequences. And in this case, the doctor needs to understand that the consequences of her omitting the truth are too big. 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The Effects Of Technology On Learning Styles - 873 Words

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Discuss the Roles and Motivations for Separately Filtering...

Discuss the roles and motivations for separately filtering ingress and egress traffic in the enterprise network. Describe separate conditions for both ingress and egress traffic as they transit the network. Discuss: What roles do ingress and egress filtering play in protecting a network? How do protective isolations help to protect a network? Why do we need to separate and isolate the types of traffic? Ingress filtering is the filtering of any IP packets with untrusted source addresses before they have a chance to enter and affect your system or network. It can protect users from malicious attacks based on spoofing, where a hacker attempts to make a packet look like it originated from somewhere else. Internet service providers (ISPs)†¦show more content†¦Especially communication between servers has very predefined patterns of communications. By only allowing this traffic you are sure that no one wills accidently compromise the server by adding new software, and thus raise the security. . The main purpose of egress filtering is to ensure that unwanted or destructive traffic (such as malware, unauthorized e-mail messages, or requests to Web sites). To create an isolated network, you need to separate the various types of computers on the organization network according to the type of access you want the computers to have. The communication requirements are the following: Computers on the isolated network can initiate communications with all of the computers on the organization network, including those that are not located on the isolated network. Computers that are not on the isolated network can initiate communications only with other computers that are not on the isolated network. They cannot initiate communications with computers on the isolated network. REFERENCE http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff648651.aspx http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/egress-filtering

Summary Of Kill A Mockingbird - 1080 Words

Anna Bolger Mr. Connell English 1 8/18/201 Summer assignment 1. To Kill a Mockingbird took place in the nineteen thirties during the great depression. It was in a small town called Maycomb, Alabama. The author used this setting because most of the Midwest was desperate and racism affected the lives of about everyone. This was not however the only setting the story could take place in. For instance the story could’ve taken place around the George Zimmerman trial in modern trials. 2. The chief conflicts of the story include human vs. society and man vs. self. Human vs. society has to do with both Scout and Tom Robinson. Tom faces struggle with racism and the conflict is not totally resolved. However it does appear that society is more†¦show more content†¦3. The two stories of Boo Rsdley and Tom Robinson came together as the children grew up and saw things differently. Boo was seen as a character that didn’t really exist but was more fun to tell stories about. Tom Robinson was also not a part of Jem and Scouts life. As they got older each became more real showing the character development in Jem and Scout. They end up caring for both characters and realize the importance of a bring. 4. Atticus Finch was an honest, hardworking and reasonable person. He is wise and well respected. Even when he is mocked about his love for negroes he stands his ground and remains true to his morals. Atticus is uninfluenced by the community because he does what he thinks is right not what will make him seem like a good man to the public. Atticus raises his children well, teaching them lessons consistent with his own morals. Telling them that they do not truly understand someone until one has seen it from the other person’s perspective. 5. Scout begins the story going into first grade. She is innocent and doesn’t know what the world has in store for her. She is confronted with many obstacles that slowly deteriorate her faith in humanity. Many kids pick on her at school accusing Atticus of â€Å"defending niggers† (82). Scout asks Atticus about it and he confirms it. Scout grows up a little bit that day when Atticus says she was â€Å"far too old and too big for such childish things, and the sooner I learned to hold in, the better off everybody would

Clinical Judgement Decision Making Nursing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Clinical Judgement Decision Making Nursing? Answer: Introducation Decision making and judgment are significant facets of healthcare professionals identity and skills, including nurses. Decision making involves selecting a particular course of action to adhere to. Recent systematic and holistic approaches to the safety and quality of care provision have defined decision making as important non-technical skill. Nursing decision making, therefore, contributes in a significant management to the quality of care delivered. However, nurses can be presented with challenges while making decisions across the wide domain of this profession. Decision making models and theories act as analytical tools that when applied helps to solve complex situations for suitable decision making. Such models and theories guide the course of actions to be taken through a series of steps mostly involving intelligence activity, designing activity and choice activity. Some of the noteworthy decision making models and theories include intuition, information process theory, expecte d utility theory, cognitive continuum theory and social judgement theory. The present essay focuses on decision making in nursing practice in preparation for PEP (Professional Experience Placement). The essay discusses the three significant models and theories of decision making, namely Social Judgement theory, Information Process theory and Intuition that are commonly used in nursing practice. The paper critically analyses each of the theory and model by outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each. Further, inconsistencies, contradictions and complexities between the theories are highlighted. One theory/model is selected from the three that would be applied to nursing practice in PEP, and a clear rationale is provided to explain the selection. Examples from practice are provided to support the choice made. Connecting the theory to practice is an essential part of the paper. A comprehensive conclusion is provided at the end of the paper the summarises the key points discussed throughout the essay. According to Chinn and Kramer (2014) in a healthcare setting, nurses are repeatedly faced with a number of demands to engage in proper decision making for care delivery. The process of analysing the options and making a choice is the essence of decision making. Researchers view this process as a complex one and suggests that the complexity of decision making needs a strong knowledge base and access to information. The decisions that nurses take have a drastic impact on their effectiveness in clinical practice and influences patients live to a considerable extent. Knowledge about how to make proper decisions is thus of prime importance. Understanding the decision making process is a prerequisite for facilitating learning and development of skills in nursing education. Alligood (2014) in this regard highlighted that nursing students must develop a key understanding of the nursing decision-making models which serve as templates describing the process nurses are to use for reaching to de cisions. These models and theories are frameworks that break down the complex decision process into subcomponents which are validated. Three major models are put forth in this paper the Social Judgement theory, Information Process theory and Intuition. The first theory to be analysed in this context is the Social Judgement Theory that takes a noteworthy position in the discussion of nursing decision making process. Social Judgement theory is a self-persuasion theory that has developed during the past few decades on the basis of the research done by psychologist EgonBrunswik. The theory is a cognitive theory emphasising on the uncertainty inherent in the social, biological and physical environment, and the probabilistic nature of human judgement in such environment. As per this theory, a person is to weigh new idea and compare it with the present point of view for determining where the new idea must be placed on the attitude scale in the mind of the person. The theory has been denoted as the subconscious sorting out of concepts and ideas occurring at the instant of perception(Smith and Parker 2015). As outlined in this theory, judgement of human beings fall along the cognitive continuum with intuitive judgement at one extreme, the analytical judgement at another, and quasi-rational judgement in the mid-range. At one extreme, when there is certainty of information and when there are rules for applying it, the likelihood of events of the future is systematic. At the other end, information is uncertain and the number of possible outcomes increases. Under such a condition, there are no rules to govern the behaviour of the person, and cognition is intuitive (Adderley and Thompson 2015). As per the authors, most situations confronting healthcare professionals, including nurses present challenges that need both analytic and intuitive processes. On the basis of social judgement theory, a healthcare profesisonalsjudegment and decision making is reliant on the social environment. What is notable is that the social environment can be perceived from different dimensions. Thus, the impact of patient condition in a clinical scenario as an environmental truth caninfleucne the clinical decision making of the care giver. As opined by McEwen and Wills (2017) the only theory that considers bridging the normative and real-life judgment and decision making process is the social judgement theory. The theory evaluates quality in terms of accuracy. The theory views the process of decision making in terms of the social reality of the situation, and this aspect makes the theory highly suitable for clinical judgement. Accuracy is not always the most significant criterion against which quality of a judgement is to be assessed. For example, in case of clinical emergency situations, a judgment that is fast but effective might be better than the one which is accurate but slower. For instance, in case of leg ulcer management, since it is a chronic long-term condition, accuracy in care is of more importance. However, in case of a wound suffered, application of first aid is of more important than other accurate measures. Shaban (2015) however argued that a person using the social judgment theory might be influenced b y susceptible alternative interpretation of a situation. Some perceptions of an individual seem to be more clear, and these are often interpreted in an improper manner as ambiguous messages. Moreover, a person who is easy to persuade would demonstrate more openness to influences. Care professionals might be open to persuasion and inducement by other professionals regarding a subject that he is not aware about. This would have a negative impact on the care delivery. One example can be cited about the application of this theory in practice wherein the registered nurse had administered an incorrect medication to a patient. Upon understanding the mistake of the nurse she had taken initiative to report to the team leader. For ensuring safe care delivery and optimal patient outcomes, we had to check blood pressure for the patient at an interval of every 15 minutes for one hour for making sure that is fine. The nurse had applied social judgement theory by analysing the factors that had contributed to the poor outcomes of the patient. The nurse collected cues about the outcomes of the drug administration and had come to the conclusion that incorrect drug delivery was the cause of poor patient outcome. The second theory that is to be analysed in the context of nursing decision making process is Information Process Theory which was first put forward by scholars Newell and Simon. The theory is a notable descriptive theory of human reasoning with postulates stating that human reasoning is the effect of the relationship existing between the tas environment and the problem solver. The theory provides an effective framework for the study of decision making involving the determination of a patient condition in a clinical scenario (Tiffen, Corbridge and Slimmer 2014). Dickison et al. (2016) opined that information processing originates basically from the science of cognition, focusing on the memory capacity, clustering of information into distinct and clearly recognisable patterns, analysing substitute choices and looking for resolutions to issues. Information is accessible to an individual from cue assessment and long-term memory, which then undergoes transformation into units. These unit s have the ability to undergo cognitive manipulation in short-term memory. In nursing field, suitable information processing can be used with verbal protocols to analyse major cognitive processes applicable in clinical decision making. Information processing thus is an enhanced and restored theoretical match for the ambiguity and dynamic decisions of nursing practice. Clinical problems in the nursing field are marked by the need of defining goals related to nursing diagnosis or assessment of patient condition. The problem solves, therefore, needs to consider the degree of information available at every stage of the decision making process. As per the information processing theory, the mental representation of a certain clinical problem created by an individual is referred to as problem space. The person analyses the length and breadth through the problem space by moving through the array of knowledge states. The pieces of information that a person has at different points in time determine the knowledge states. The decision making process can thus be denoted as the sequence of the marketing transformation of problem states till the goal is achieved. The professional must select one of the two types of operators for permitting the transformations; heuristics and algorithms. While heuristics is more like the rule of thumb, an algorithm is the set of protocol that is to be followed for allowing the appropriate solution (Cherry and Jacob 2016). Bacon, Lee and Mark (2015) explored the clinical decision making process of nurses in their research. The main findings of the research highlighted that nurses have a predisposition to corroborate clinical situations with colleagues who can guide with specific information. With the application of information processing theory in practice, nurses think ahead of clinical scenarios and situations and tend to adopt preventive strategies for combatting anticipated situations. This relates to the acknowledgement of similar situations and potential adverse events. Nurses can relate to such similar situations and act in an independent manner to apply decisions regarding interventions or patient assessment. Johansen and O'brien (2016) criticised the application of information processing theory in clinical practice by stating that the theoretical approach has the assumption that there lie restrictions to the volume of information that can be processed by a person at an instance, and decision making is the adaptation to these restrictions. Standing (2017) further highlighted the drawbacks of the information processing theory stating that hypotheses considered in due course might be incorrect, often leading to propositions that are inaccurate. The theory has been denoted as a quantitative approach that assumes that knowledge is accurate and available at the time of taking the decision. Nevertheless, in real life situations, decisions have an underpinning essence of uncertainty. For highlighting an example of how the theory can be applied to practice it is dicussed in here how a registered nurse had administered wrong medication to a patient and later realised that through information process theory of decision making process. The nurse had reported that she remembered that the drug that was delivered to the patient had been previously given by her to another patient in the past who had different medical problems. This information processing based on memory made her realise the mistake that had been done. For ensuring safe care delivery and optimal patient outcomes, blood pressure was checked for the patient at an interval of every 15 minutes for one hour. Acknowledgement of the fact that intuition takes a prominent place in clinical nursing practice has increased in the past three decades. The third theory that would be analysed in this paper is Intuition as applicable to nursing decision making process. Conventionally, nursing intuition has been associated with experience, pointing towards the use by an expert practitioner. In the present times, since demands are high for measurable evidence-based care, intuition has evolved in the way it is applied to decision making process, now known as an eminent element of judgement (Holm and Severinsson 2015). The intuition theory of decision making is primarily based on the somatic marker hypothesis. The hypothesis has the proposition that decision making is regulated by changes in somatic feeling and emotion hat includes signals from bioregulatory processes. A somatic state is defined as the non-conscious state wherein neural activation configurations occur due to the learned connection betwe en knowledge, memory and pattern recognition. The intuition theory is a cohesive and logical theory that is testable predictive and explanatory. Middleton-Green (2015) pinpointed that in a situation when a nurse has to make a decision, development of intuition creates a signal that aids in taking the proper decision. In case of intuition is not developed, the person analytically and cognitively appraises the scenario through the integration of conscious memory and pattern recognition for making the decision. Analytical decisions need sequential and logical thought processes. Blais (2015) suggested that intuition fundamentally involves reflection on experience, sense of subtle changes either qualitative or quantitative, feelings of knowing, and linking of perceptions from the past to foreseen future. Knowledge and perceptual awareness can enable a nurse to identify rich and important information applicable to the clinical scenario. Intuition also can help a nurse to understand a particular scenario as a whole, instead of an array of segmented tasks. As a result, there is no need of deliberate, incremental analysis of multiple isolated informative pieces. The end result is less time consumption and speedy decision making. Hassani, Abdi and Jalali (2016) linked nurses personal intuition with practice and research and suggested that intuition leads to expert practice as practitioners can offer their best to the patients in a care setting. The author further suggests that the intuition, speaking on a general basis, utilises the evidence of the highest order a fter analysing information from more than one sources. Intuition encompasses an unexpected realisation succeeding speedyassimilation of information, fostering appropriate decision making and enabling action against the comprehensive patient's needs. Alligood (2017) criticised the application of intuition by highlighting that the same is not effective when a nurse does not have adequate personal wellbeing, thereby influencing patient assessment and care in a negative manner. The authors further argued that intuition is not considered as a valued method in practice and is often no considered as a legitimate element of decision making process since it is sole dependent on observer skills and not scientific evidence. Pretz and Folse (2011) gave a suitable example of how intuition can be beneficial for decision making process. The author cited a real-life example where a middle-aged male patient had walked through the entrance into the emergency department of the general hospital. The care staff fetched a wheelchair which the patient refused kindly to sit on, claiming that he was fine. He, however, seemed very pale and was sweating excessively. The nurses asked the patient to lie down for undergoing an examination and wanted to collect information about his symptoms. Mentioning that he was suffering from a stomach pain, he cited that the reason might be food poisoning. Since the pain had not improved after considerable time, the nurse performed an ECG and connected the cardiac monitor. Though the vital signs were normal, the nurse informed the cardiac arrest team. It was an intuition that the patient was about to suffer a cardiac arrest and after a short, while the patient indeed suffered arrest. When confronted the nurse could only explain that it was her instinct and perception that emerged instantaneously based on previous experiences and subject knowledge. At this juncture, it would be appropriate to provide an example of how intuition can be applied in decision making process. While on my previous placement the registered nurse had given wrong medication to a particular patient and upon realising the error she had informed it to the team leader. The registered nurse had reported that it was her intuition that made her realise the mistake that had been done. For ensuring safe care delivery and optimal patient outcomes, we had to check blood pressure for the patient at an interval of every 15 minutes for one hour for making sure that is fine. The decision making model of intuition had been applied in here. As the registered nurse had the intuition that an error had been committed, there was a chance of rectifying the issue. The strength of the intuition had urged the registred nurse to engage in critical thinking in addition to the regular duties. When a nurse believes in her intuition, subjective feelings get lined with objective sympt oms of patients, thereby enabling a comprehensive care plan. A Professional Experience Placement (PEP) plays an important role in the nursing education since it is valuable for preparing the nursing student to become a registered nurse, by expanding the skill and knowledge base. The chief aim of the PEP is to provide the nursing student with relevant real life experience that helps in the development of clinical skills and translation of theory into practice. A nurse is to demonstrate appropriate decision making skills, and in the present context, the decision making theory of intuition would be applied in the PEP. The main rationale is based on the research finding indicating that nurses tend to make fewer errors when intuition is applied in decision making process. Nurses intuition would act as a critical component in relation to patient care in PEP and guide in the nursing process. Intuition would be helpful in establishing connections of spiritual and physical relationships. The physical connection would involve two individuals, the patient and the nurse, and emphasise on non-verbal communication and body language patterns. Spiritual connections would be more abstract in nature and would involve the exchange of energy fields. A suitable combination of both physical connection and the spiritual relationship is essential for nursing practice (Traynor, Boland and Buus 2010). A rich pool of literature highlight that intuitive aspects are exhibited by nurses across all levels of expertise, and these aspects commences at an early point in their career, including clinical placements. Further, the aspects become stronger with time and developing skills. The research evidence contradicts the argument that intuition denigrates a nurses ability to take decisions (Melin?Johansson, Palmqvist and Rnnberg 2017). In PEP, a nurse would need to demonstrate proper utilisation of pattern recognition, gut feeling, understanding of similarities, common sense, tactic knowledge, rational considerations and skills to know how. Intuition can be applied alone or in combination with other decision making process, depending on the level of skills and task complexity. Nursing process entails establishing contact with patients and nurses applying intuition can establish a unique contact with the patient. This would help in examining the symptoms that are otherwise beyond the scope of assessment. Intuition, when applied about special patients, can permit recognition of logical reasons behind the patient condition. Personal qualities would be important for the development of intuition and nurses who are open and accessible would be more emotionally involved with patients. The nursing profession is truely a complex one, needing the members to apply the skills and knowledge in different clinical settings. Nurse s must define and understand intuition as the process of knowing something on an immediate basis that improves the clinical experience and informs decisions (Payne 2015). In conclusion, it can be stated that professional experience placement plays a key role in the professional career of a nurse wherein a nursing student is to demonstrate his competence and skill set. Decision making of nurses holds the potential to aid allocation of resources and promote health gain in a healthcare setting. Prevention of patient harm and enhancement of patient benefit is possible when a suitable decision making theory or model is applied by the nurse. The three most prominent theories of decision making models are Social Judgement theory, Information Process theory and Intuition. Critical analysis of the three models highlights that each one of these has its own set of strengths and weaknesses. Drawing in evidence supporting the models, the intuition model would be applied in PEP in future. Intuition when applied in decision making process would help in taking appropriate decisions in relation to patient assessment and care delivery. The strength of a nurses intuitio n would urge the professional to do something beyond the regular duties and responsibilities. Intuition can be developed through strong critical thought and deep knowledge base. The distinct outcome is the establishment of caring relationships with the patient. Research points out that intuition has often been neglected by healthcare care settings as a prominent decision making tool, and nurses have been discouraged to apply the same. However, the evidence pool highlighting the suitability of intuition in application weighs more. Further study would help in expanding the knowledge base and indicating intuition as a hallmark of nursing knowledge. References Adderley, U.J. and Thompson, C., 2015. Community nurses judgement for the management of venous leg ulceration: A judgement analysis.International journal of nursing studies,52(1), pp.345-354. Alligood, M.R., 2017.Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bacon, C.T., Lee, S.Y.D. and Mark, B., 2015. The Relationship Between Work Complexity and Nurses Participation in Decision Making in Hospitals.Journal of Nursing Administration,45(4), pp.200-205. Blais, K., 2015.Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Pearson. Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2016.Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Chinn, P.L. and Kramer, M.K., 2014.Knowledge Development in Nursing-E-Book: Theory and Process. Elsevier Health Sciences. Dickison, P., Luo, X., Kim, D., Woo, A., Muntean, W. and Bergstrom, B., 2016. Assessing higher-order cognitive constructs by using an information-processing framework.Journal of Applied Testing Technology,17(1), pp.1-19. Hassani, P., Abdi, A. and Jalali, R., 2016. State of science,intuition in nursing practice: A systematic review study.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR,10(2), p.JE07. Holm, A.L. and Severinsson, E., 2016. A Systematic Review of IntuitionA Way of Knowing in Clinical Nursing?.Open Journal of Nursing,6(05), p.412. Johansen, M.L. and O'brien, J.L., 2016, January. Decision making in nursing practice: a concept analysis. InNursing forum(Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 40-48). McEwen, M. and Wills, E.M., 2017.Theoretical basis for nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Melin?Johansson, C., Palmqvist, R. and Rnnberg, L., 2017. Clinical intuition in the nursing process and decision?makingA mixed studies review.Journal of clinical nursing. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13814 Middleton-Green, L., 2015. Nursing intuition: the role of embodied awareness in end-of-life care.International journal of palliative nursing,21(6), pp.265-265. Payne, L.K., 2015. Toward a Theory of Intuitive DecisionMaking in Nursing.Nursing science quarterly,28(3), pp.223-228. Pretz, J.E. and Folse, V.N., 2011. Nursing experience and preference for intuition in decision making.Journal of clinical nursing,20(19?20), pp.2878-2889. Shaban, R., 2015. Theories of clinical judgment and decision-making: a review of the theoretical literature.Australasian Journal of Paramedicine,3(1). Smith, M.C. and Parker, M.E., 2015.Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis. Standing, M., 2017.Clinical Judgement and Decision Making in Nursing. Learning Matters. Tiffen, J., Corbridge, S.J. and Slimmer, L., 2014. Enhancing clinical decision marketing: development of a contiguous definition and conceptual framework.Journal of Professional Nursing,30(5), pp.399-405. Traynor, M., Boland, M. and Buus, N., 2010. Autonomy, evidence and intuition: nurses and decision?making.Journal of advanced nursing,66(7), pp.1584-1591.

Reflective Statement on Professional Development †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Statement on Professional Development. Answer: Introduction: Hazard analysis refers to the process of identifying hazards, which arise from a particular environment or system and also encompasses documentation of unwanted consequences. One major aspect of hazard analysis is related to conducting an analysis of the potential causes that might create adverse effects (Wallace et al. 2014). On the other hand, safety training refers to the programs that are essential for making a workplace safer for most people. This often encompasses a range of training options that assist in bringing about improvements in safety practices, ensures compliance and reduces risks (Sacks, Perlman and Barak 2013). According to the data of Dub (2017) workplace is the place where an individual spent half of his life besides his home. There are several organizations that involve job roles, equipment and environment that has the capability to hamper ones health. Therefore the organizations should focus on workplace health and safety training so that the health, safety and wellbeing of the employees can be ensured. From the data of OSHA (2018), it is determined that construction site possess greatest amount of risk as maximum of the workplace accidents around the world are caused in construction sites. Hence, in this safety training procedure I decided to provide safety training to the management and supervisor staffs regarding construction safety course, Building construction safety supervisors course, framework safety course for supervisors, confined space safety assessors course and industrial first aid course. While including these safety training courses in the organizational setting, my primary professional objective was to provide the employees or staff of the construction site with proper training so that the employees can identify and respond to identified risks present within their workplace. Further, they become aware of the safety related rules and legislation so that in case of health risks they can protect their rights. Hence, the aim of this training was to provide complete knowledge regarding the workplace health and safety and factorial safety training courses to the construction site workers so that they can complete their tasks without any severe health risk and hazard. In the construction site, where I decided to provide safety training, more than 250 workers were involved with 10 on-site supervisors and 5 construction site managers. Prior to training I was clear with approach with the help of which I will be providing training to the supervisors and on site managers and for the purpose, I chose computer based training and interactive training. These two techniques were decided so that with the help of available data and pictorial demonstrations, an interactive session can be formed. Further, while providing the training, all the supervisors and managers were provided with a small questionnaire and were interviewed after the completion of the training so that data interpretation can be carried out (Robson et al. 2012). I prepared a presentation for the safety training management including topics such as safety and health policy, statutory requirements on safety, rules and responsibilities while creating a safe organization and management system. As this part comprised of several legislation and regulations, I contacted the workplace safety and health committee so that a constructive and effective session can be conducted. After the session with site managers, supervisors were also provided with interactive session by WHS committee and I provided them questionnaire so that their understanding can be assessed (Ismail, Doostdar and Harun 2012). Further, the supervisors were provided with techniques through which they can provide such information to the construction workers as disclosing adverse effects can affect their mental stability as well. They were asked to utilize the theory of hands on training technique to make the workers aware of the safety and health related issues they can face or facing at the construction site. All the activities that I included in the training purpose for safety related issue had specific implications. The training for supervisors and safety managers was inclusive of rules and regulations related data, demonstration of possible health risk and means to overcome those, whereas, the workers were provided with training by their supervisors so that the actions of the workers within the construction site can be controlled which can breach health and safety protocol of the construction site (Robson et al. 2012). I was surprised from the response of the safety training as maximum of the workers were responsive and interactive in the session and took active part in the training session. Further, while providing training to the managers and supervisors, they accepted the data and were curious regarding the techniques and interventions through which such incidents can be minimized. While discussing the strength and weaknesses of the approach, I should include the fact that maximum of the workers and supervisors at the construction site was able to answer the health and safety related questionnaire. The strength of the approach was proper distribution and medium of training (Phillips 2016). Inclusion of workplace safety and health committee in the process was beneficial as they approach the site managers with their data and were able to answer all the possible questions so that clarity and understanding of the process can be maintained. However, there were few weaknesses of the approach, supervisors were asked to provide training to the onsite workers right after their own training session, hence, they forgot to include several aspects of safety such as penalty and fine system and safe work procedure, hence, in the process the training to workers lacked completion. However, despite being several flaws, I was satisfied with the approach as it was able to provide an idea regarding workplace health and safety in workplace (McCaughey et al. 2013). On the other hand, my thinking, my working pattern and planning of the training process also had several strengths and weaknesses. I was able to differentiate the roles and subjects upon which training will be provided to supervisors, managers and workers as they dominate in those sections. Therefore, the scope of the training enhanced. Further, my training division lacked connection and unity as training was provided with different means to workers, site managers and supervisors. Hence, it could have affected the mental state of the workers as they were not provided with the data and statistics of workplace health and safety related accidents (McCaughey et al. 2013). According to several research studies, hazard analysis is an essential procedure that needs to be implemented at all workplaces owing to high prevalence of workplace incidents that are undesired or unplanned and often create barriers in the completion of a particular task (Dokas, Feehan and Imran 2013). Hence, I decided to conduct a hazard analysis at the construction site, in order to assess the potential risks. Therefore, I recognized the need to identifying the underlying risk factors in the operating environment that could result in major malfunctions or failures. The major activities that I conducted for risk assessment at the workplace included recording and monitoring the rates of known hazard, identification of the hazards that were related to use of different chemicals or use of electrical equipments, followed by introduction of new works or processes. Furthermore, my activities also included conducting an inspection of the technical competencies that were displayed by the m anagement and workers. The primary objective of my risk assessment activity was related to creating provisions at the construction site, for providing appropriate means that would facilitate in identification of potential hazards. In addition, I also wanted to manage the workplace hazards in a feasible way that would eliminate chances of accidents or injuries at the workplace and make all the workers adhere to the safety policies. The primary approach that I had implemented at the construction site was to convince the authorities to assign a risk assessment committee, which was comprised of supervisors, managers, personnel, and technicians. This approach was taken owing to the fact that it would provide assistance to fulfill the major oversight responsibilities required for risk management and strategic planning of the company (Potts et al. 2014). Furthermore, the committee would also help in recommending necessary risk assessment procedures that would help the company in the long run. I also focused on identifying the major kinds of hazards that were prevalent in the company and had taken a toll on the safety of the workers. Hence, identification of major hazards that might arise, before a construction work commenced was imperative (Bahn 2013). I also emphasised on recognizing new hazards at the workplace that were related to use of particular chemicals, or other equipments. Moreover, I also emphasized on eva luating the technical competency and training levels of the workers in order to gain a deeper understanding of their skills that might be required, if they encounter any hazardous events. I realized that while eight supervisors were well aware of the skills they need to display in order to reduce chances of workplace hazards, the workers were most often exposed to environment that increased their likelihood of getting affected. While recording known hazards that were already present in the workplace, I received help from the members of the risk assessment committee. They helped me to conduct a thorough investigation of the hazards that the workers were frequently exposed to such as, use of asbestos, handling solvents and flammable gases, working in confined places, and operating heavy mechanical instruments. The committee members also provided adequate assistance in recording new hazards that the workers might be exposed to. Furthermore, the supervisors also helped me record the aforementioned risk factors. Additional help was received from three site managers and two supervisors regarding inspecting or investigating skills of the people responsible for risk analysis. Moreover, two project managers also helped me in the conduction of risk analysis, before a work commenced at the site. My activities helped me determine that the likelihood of occurrence of workplace hazards was frequent at the construction site. This indicated that the working conditions were unsafe and the workers were exposed to use of asbestos, flammable objects and heavy mechanical instruments quite frequently. I identified that there was moderate severity of the hazards, which most commonly resulted in burns (57), sprains (43), lacerations (31) and minor fractures (44), among 175 workers in past five years. Thus, the observations helped me use the risk assessment matrix that gave a score of high risk, based on the likelihood and severity. Hence, the objective of identifying risks of hazards at the workplace was adequately met. Major strengths of the approaches lie in the facts that they were successful in gaining a deeper understanding of the undesirable accidents or incidents that frequently deteriorate the health condition of the workers, and also helped in determining the true magnitude of the extent to which the hazards could affect health (Zhang et al. 2015). Failure to determine whether the company provided appropriate health coverage for the employees was a weakness (Siqueira et al. 2014). In future, there is a need to recommend alternatives for high risk operations in order to reduce the severity and likelihood of occurrence of occupational health hazards (Rankin et al. 2014). My strength was related to the fact that I could convince the board members of the risk assessment committee to conduct an evaluation of the hazards that the workers were exposed to on a regular basis. This helped me in conducting the risk analysis in a suitable manner and also assisted me to gain a deeper understanding of the risk factors that lead to occupational health hazards. However, the fact that I evaluated the technical skills and competencies of only the people responsible for risk analysis was my weakness, as all workers should demonstrate adequate skills to combat such incidents. I can improve this by conducting an interview of individual workers to determine their skills that are imperative in reducing chances of workplace hazards. I should also increase awareness of the workers regarding the basic amenities that they are entitled to, if any such incident occurs in future. While concluding the assignment, it should be mentioned that construction site was chosen for the risk assessment and safety training procedure as in this particular construction site, more than 175 workers were having injuring and the risk at the site was very high. Further, they were unaware of the health and safety issues, their rights and regulations regarding it. Therefore, with the help of Workplace health and safety committee, such training related to health and safety and risk assessment of identified hazards were conducted. This ensures that safe work culture can be established and after studying the possible incidences, a dynamic organization free from hazardous risk and safety issues can be created. References Bahn, S., 2013. Workplace hazard identification and management: The case of an underground mining operation.Safety science,57, pp.129-137. Dokas, I.M., Feehan, J. and Imran, S., 2013. EWaSAP: An early warning sign identification approach based on a systemic hazard analysis.Safety science,58, pp.11-26. Dub, D. 2017.This is how much time you spend on work emails every day, according to a Canadian survey. [online] Global News. Available at: https://globalnews.ca/news/3395457/this-is-how-much-time-you-spend-on-work-emails-every-day-according-to-a-canadian-survey/ [Accessed 16 Apr. 2018]. Ismail, Z., Doostdar, S. and Harun, Z., 2012. Factors influencing the implementation of a safety management system for construction sites.Safety science,50(3), pp.418-423. McCaughey, D., DelliFraine, J.L., McGhan, G. and Bruning, N.S., 2013. The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes.Safety science,51(1), pp.138-147. OSHA 2018.Commonly Used Statistics | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. [online] Osha.gov. Available at: https://www.osha.gov/oshstats/commonstats.html [Accessed 16 Apr. 2018]. 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